Landscape, climate, population
The beginnings of sedentary life (ca. 10,000-4000 BCE)
The first urban society and the use of writing (ca. 4000-3200 BCE)
City-states and the way toward the central state (ca. 3200-2350 BCE)
The first central states (Ca. 2350-1595 BCE)
Babylonia as part of the near eastern community of states (1595-1200 BCE)
The empires of the Assyrians and the Babylonians (1200-539 BCE)
The Achaemenid Empire (539-331 BCE)
Alexander and the Seleucids in Babylonia (331-141 BCE)
The empires of the Parthians and the Sasanians (141 BCE to 642 CE)
The Islamic Conquest (622-1258)
Iraq as part of the Ottoman Empire (1258-1918)
Iraq under the monarchy (1921-195 8)
The Republic of Iraq (1958-2008).
