Understanding organizations through culture and structure: relational and other lessons from the African-American organization

Culture and organizations. Organization and culture

Theorizing organization

A baseline model of interpenetrating structures

Our take on diversity

Communication and two predominantly African-American organizations. The organizing scheme for reporting our data, findings, and theory

Organization I : the human service organization

Organization 2 : the elementary school

Method, interpretation, and emergent theory

African-American rules and resources. Comparison to the baseline model

Afrocentric theory

Traditional African organizational forms

Interpenetration of contradicting structures : the divergent organization. The contradictions

The enculturated organization

The divergent organizations communicative downward spiral. Difficulties in communication processes

The system as a whole

Briefly revisiting history : some underpinnings of the system as depicted

Contemporary African-American organizational experiences

African-American communication in predominantly white corporations

Theoretic applications. Predominantly African-American organizations

Organizations with European-based cultural membership

Why divergence has a more negative impact on African-American organizations

Field observations and prescriptions that validate our downward spiral

Where do we go from here? Conceptualizing the convergent organization. The task before us

Implications for organizational diversity

Implications for African-American organizations

Turning divergence into convergence

The foundation for a humanistic model of organizational communication : a baseline for theorizing the convergent organization.