The civilizations of Africa: a history to 1800

Introducing Africa and its history

Africa before the agricultural age, 16,000-9000 BCE

Culture and technology in Africa, 9000-3500 BCE

Diverging paths of history : Africa 3500-1000 BCE

An age of commerce, an age of iron : Africa, 1000 BCE to 300 CE

Southern, central, and eastern Africa : the middle centuries, 300-1450

Northeastern, West, and North Africa : the middle centuries, 300-1450

The early Atlantic age, 1450-1640

Africa in the era of the Atlantic slave trade, 1640-1800.