American educational history: school, society, and the common good

1. The colonial experience, 1607-1776 The colonists at Jamestown The Spanish colonists in Florida The Pilgrims and Puritans Puritan educational emphasis and educational philosophy The home The church The school Puritans' and Pilgrims' relationships with Native Americans Education contributions of other groups Dutch and other settlers in the Mid-Atlantic colonies Settlers in Maryland and other areas in the South The extent of the Puritan contribution Growth of higher education before the Revolutionary War Deterioration of Puritan and Native American relations Conclusion 2. The effects of the Revolutionary War era on American education Distinguishing a truly American system of education The curricular level The elementary/secondary school level The rise of charity schools Unique aspects of the charity school Forming the foundation of future education The spread of the Massachusetts charity school model Supplements to charity schools Free schools and African Americans Where African Americans attended charity schools The charity school movement nationwide Joseph Lancaster and the new charity school model The place of Dewitt Clinton The decline of the charity school system The college level Conclusion 3. Early political debates and their effect on the American education system Views of the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists Presidents and educational leaders How victories by Democratic-Republicans influenced American education A decentralized education system Strong private and state systems of higher education A likely delay in freeing the slaves Conclusion

4. Education, African Americans, and slavery African American education in the North The Puritans and the Quakers Other efforts dedicated to the education of African Americans The debate over the need for African American education Acceleration of the charity school movement African American leaders Education of African Americans in the South Alternative means of educating African Americans in the South Changing American education forever : events leading up to the election of Lincoln and liberation for the slaves Attitudes of Northerners toward slavery before the late 1850s Early revivals culminating in the revival of 1857-1858 The revival's first influence : on educators The revival's second influence : on abolitionists The revival's third influence : on authors books used in schools Concluding thoughts on the revival American Northern heroes Conclusion 5. The education of women and Native Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans Education of women Influence of the Revolutionary war on female education Emergence of women's colleges Gender imbalances of the mid-1800s Economic development reduces the gender gaps The post-Civil War surge Prominent female educators Post-World War II advances African American concerns about women's education trends Concluding thoughts on the education of women Education of Native Americans Henricho College Educating Native Americans in New England The role of Thomas McKenney The election of Andrew Jackson : an unfortunate turning point Native American boarding schools and the Meriam Report Education of Asian Americans Education of Chinese and Chinese Americans Education of Japanese and Japanese Americans Education of Latinos Mexicans and Mexican Americans and education Changes over the decades Puerto Ricans and education Conclusion

6. The widespread growth of the common school and higher education Horace Mann and the rise of the common schools Mann's arguments that common schools would promote the common good Common schools would level the playing field Between rich and poor students Common schools would promote moral education Common schools would help ensure quality teaching Common schools would unite the country by teaching common values Resistance to public schools Political opposition Parental opposition Contemporaries of Horace Mann in the common school movement Henry Barnard James Carter Calvin Stowe Samuel Seelye Teacher institutes and normal schools The Civil War and the common school movement Common schools become more accepted Male versus female teachers Johann Pestalozzi William McGuffey The growth of higher education during the first half of the 1800s Dartmouth College v. Woodward, U.S. Supreme Court case Where state universities grew and where they did not The presence of Ivy League colleges Population factors Proximity of quality religious colleges Interest in founding a state university Resistance to establishing of a state college Politics The growth of state colleges in other states Maryland Federal support of colleges in states not among the original 13 State universities that started as religious institutions Conclusion

7. The effects of the events during and between the Civil War and World War I Impact of the Civil War Impact of the post-Civil War period Urbanization Industrialization Debate over African American education Increased immigration Advantages of increased immigration Strains of increased immigration Language considerations Volume of enrollment Adaptation issues Social role of the school Land grant colleges Black colleges benefit Major events in the post-Civil War period Teacher training previous to this period Growth of teacher training in the post-Civil War period Coursework at normal schools College and universities increasingly found teacher education departments Increased standardization of teacher education Events leading up to and including World War I Added definition to America's education system Other impacts of World War I on the American education system Intensification of the Americanization program Curbs on immigration Conclusion 8. The liberal philosophy of education as distinguished from conservatism Schools of educational philosophy History of the philosophy of education Four primary schools of educational thought Additional educational approaches Complexity of the philosophy of education Educational philosophy of John Dewey What Dewey believed Other liberal reformers Herbert Spencer Joseph Lee and Henry Curtis William Kilpatrick Ella Flagg Young Moderate liberals Colin Scott Johann Herbart Moderates Friedrich Froebel Maria Montessori Neoconservatives H.H. Horne William James Edward Thorndike Conclusion

9. The Great Depression and the long-term effects of World War II and the Cold War on American education Educational challenges of the Great Depression (1929-1941) Cutbacks How students increased achievement during the Great Depression General conditions in education during the Great Depression Tensions between practical parents and idealistic academics Final thoughts on the Great Depression and education The impact of World War II on education Foundation stone for the civil rights movement The rise of community colleges The Cold War Sputnik shock Lessons from Sputnik shock Impact of the Cold War on physical education opportunities for women Conclusion 10. The civil rights movement and federal involvement in educational policy Truman's contribution Pursuit of civil rights legislation in the courts Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education helps build momentum for the civil rights movement Expanding the reach of the civil rights movement : affirmative action A heated debate arises The Allan Bakke case Affirmative action as an ideal and in the actual world The University of Michigan case The future of affirmative action Expanding the reach of the civil rights movement : bilingual education The roots of widespread bilingual education Different types of bilingual education programs Different types of English immersion programs Controversies connected with bilingual education Pros and cons of bilingual education The pro-bilingual instruction perspective The pro-English immersion instruction perspective Assessing the arguments of the pro-bilingual and pro-immersion instructional orientation : can a compromise be reached? The upcoming debate Conclusion

11. The turbulence of the 1960s The Vietnam War and student activism Some context regarding the student demonstrations The rise of student demonstrations Student demonstrations intensify Long-term effects of student demonstrations Questioning authority Historical revisionism Changes in students over time Civil rights and education The New York City teacher's strike The tumultuous national background Perspective of African American and other minority parents United Federation of Teachers' perspective Laudable goals but a misguided strategy First, a localized teachers' strike The citywide teachers' strike on 1968 The primacy of new educational thought Rethinking educational philosophy A.S. Neill John Goodlad Jerome Bruner Jean Piaget Lawrence Kohlberg Ivan Illich Rethinking research and pedagogy Lee Cronbach and David Campbell Benjamin Bloom The removal of prayer from the schools Arguments in favor of the Supreme Court decision Misapplication of the Supreme Court decisions Possible price of taking prayer and moral education out of the schools Sex education Conclusion

12. The rise of public criticism of education Basic arguments Educators in the excellence movement Educators who disagree with the excellence movement The revisionist view of achievement during the 1960s and 1970s Those who question the utility of standardized tests Addressing the data The trends in achievement test scores Attempting to explain the academic decline The case for compositional change Increased percentage of students taking the SAT The case for academic decline Achievement tests administered from 1963 to 1970 Achievement tests administered from 1970 to 1980 International comparison tests Possible explanations for the real academic achievement decline Decline of the family Decline of the work ethnic Changes in 1960s culture What does the College Board's assessment mean? Advances in public education from 1963 to 1980 The influence of rising criticism on schools Conclusion 13. The rise of multiculturalism and other issues The rise of multiculturalism What made a multicultural orientation possible? Multiculturalism replaces Americanization The success of multicultural curricula The debate about multiculturalism Those who favor the present implementation of multiculturalism Reasons for a multicultural approach Those who support many manifestations of multiculturalism but are concerned about the kind of multiculturalism that America supports Integrationalists Those concerned with national unity Those concerned with absolute values Those who oppose multiculturalism The future of multiculturalism Going beyond multiculturalism Vocational education Education for the children with special needs or disabilities Conclusion

14. Educational reform under the Republicans and Democrats

Reforms under the Republican Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, and George W. Bush

The back to the basics movement

School choice

Experimentation but not wide implementation of school choice

Analyzing the possible effects of school choice

No Child Left Behind

Criticisms of No Child Left Behind

Reforms under Democratic President Bill Clinton

Preparing students for the technological world

Public school choice

The participation rate issue

Nationalized standards

The political atmosphere today

Conclusion

15. Other recent educational issues and reforms

Equalization of school expenditures

The movement toward equalized funding

Should the United States equalize funding?

School shootings

Reasons for the shootings

How widespread is juvenile violence and crime?

Possible solutions to school shootings

School uniforms

Long beach claims success

School uniform programs greatly expand

Do school uniforms really help?

The influence of the family

Family structure

Parental involvement

Learning from foreign systems of education

To what degree are East Asian schools worthy of emulation?

To what extent can American schools learn from other systems of education?

Technology in the schools

Homeschooling

Conclusion.