Natural long-term climate change: atmospheric evolution, plate tectonics, supercontinents, and solar evolution
Natural medium- and short-term climate change: astronomical forcing, El Niño-southern oscillation, thermohaline circulation, and massive volcanism
Human-induced climate changes
Global climate changes that lead to droughts and desert formation
Examples of expanding deserts and drought disasters
Past, present, and future : prediction and mitigation of future climate change
