Armies of sand: the past, present, and future of Arab military effectiveness

Introduction : the Six-Day War and the mystery of Arab military ineffectiveness

Pattens of Arab military performance

Soviet doctrine

The Soviet way of war

Arab militaries and Soviet doctrine

North Korea, Cuba, and Soviet doctrine

Politicization

Politicization

Arab militaries and politicization : Egypt

Arab militaries and politicization : Iraq

Politicization and the South Vietnamese armed forces

Politicization and the Argentine armed forces

Underdevelopment

Economic development and military effectiveness

Economic development and Syrian military effectiveness

Economic development and the Libya-Chad wars

Economic development and Chinese military effectiveness

Economic development and Arab military effectiveness

Culture

War and culture

Arab culture as an explanation for military ineffectiveness

Arab culture : patterns and predilections

Arab culture and Arab military effectiveness

Arab culture and civilian organizations

Culture and education : the causal link

Arab military training methods

Exceptional Arab militaries : state armed forces

Exceptional Arab militaries : non-state armies

Conclusions : the past, present, and future of Arab military effectiveness.