Moral constraints on war: principles and cases

Preface

Introduction

Realism

Militarism

Pacifism

Just War Theory

Questions of Terminology: Justice, War, and Theory

Part I. Jus ad Bellum

1. Just Cause

A General Approach

Individual and Collective Self-Defense

Humanitarian Intervention

2. Legitimate Authority

Background

Collaboration and Resistance: La France Libre

Revolutionary Movements

Anticolonial Struggles: Algeria, 1954-1962

The Security System of the United Nations

Conclusion

3. Right Intentions

The Just War Tradition

Testing the Principle

Bangladesh, 1971

Hitler's Occupation of Czechoslovakia, 1938

Hitler's Occupation of Poland, 1939

The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939

A Four-Step Approach to the Iraq War, 2003

4. The Likelihood of Success

Problems

Luxembourg, 1940

Belgium, 1940

Thailand, 1940 and 1941

Cuba in the 1950s

Hezbollah

Mini and Maxi

Czechoslovakia, 1968

North Korea

Afghanistan and Iraq Compared

Sacrifice and Mobilization

5. Proportionality

A Relational Principle

Luxembourg and Belgium Again

Mini and Maxi Again

Divergence between Success and Proportionality Principles

North Korea and the Bomb Again

6. Last Resort

The United Nations

Nuclear Crisis Management: The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962

Humanitarian Crisis Management: Bosnia, 1992-1995

Part II. Jus in Bello

A Historical Overview of the Jus in Bello Constraints

7. Proportionality

Underlying Assumptions

The Conduct of War

Nuclear Arms

Biological Arms

The Principle of Double Effect

Conclusion

8. Discrimination

Noncombatant Immunity

Nuclear Weapons

Land Mines

Targeting

Economic Sanctions

Counterterrorism

Conclusion

Part III. Cases

9. The NATO Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis: March-June 1999

Presentation of the Case

Just Cause

Right Intentions

Legitimate Authority

Last Resort

Likelihood of Success

Proportionality (ad Bellum)

Discrimination

Proportionality (in Bello)

Conclusion

10. NATO's Intervention in the Kosovo Crisis: Whose Justice?

Just Cause?

Legitimate Authority?

Right Intentions?

Likelihood of Success?

Last Resort?

Proportionality (ad Bellum)?

Winning Ugly: Discrimination and Proportionality (in Bello)

Conclusion

11. Kosovo and the Question of a Just Secession

Three Debates on Kosovo

Military Intervention: The Case of Abkhazia

International Administration: The Case of Chechnya

Unilateral Independence: The Case of Kosovo

Conclusion

12. Terrorism

The Nature of Terrorism

The Morality of Terrorism

Terrorist Arguments

Assessing the Arguments

13. The War in Iraq: 2003 and Beyond

Background

Just Cause

Right Intentions

Last Resort

Likelihood of Success

Proportionality (Jus ad Bellum)

Legitimate Authority

Proportionality (Jus in Bello)

Discrimination

Later Developments

Conclusion

14. Concluding Comments

Realism, Pacifism, and Militarism Revisted

Just War Theory and Excessive Optimism

Excessive Pessimism

A Universal Theory?

Index

About the Contributors

Preface / Bruno Coppieters and Nick Fotion.

Introduction / Nick Fotion, Bruno Coppieters, and Ruben Apressyan.

Just cause / Carl Ceulemans.

Legitimate authority / Bruno Coppieters.

Right intentions / Bruno Coppieters and Boris Kashnikov.

Likelihood of success / Nick Fotion and Bruno Coppieters.

Proportionality / Nick Fotion.

Last resort / Bruno Coppieters, Ruben Apressyan, and Carl Ceulemans.

Jus in bello: a historical overview of the Jus in bello constraints / Guy Van Damme and Nick Fotion.

Proportionality / Guy Van Damme and Nick Fotion.

Discrimination / Anthony Hartle.

The Gulf War, 1990-1991 / Anthony Hartle.

The first Chechen War, 1994-1996 / Boris Kashnikov and Bruno Coppieters.

The NATO intervention in the Kosovo crisis: March-June 1999 / Carl Ceulemans.

NATO's intervention in the Kosovo crisis: whose justice? / Boris Kashnikov.

After Kosovo: moral and legal constraints on humanitarian intervention / Shi Yinhong and Shen Zhixiong.

The military response of the U.S.-led coalition to the September 11 attacks / Carl Ceulemans.

Concluding comments / Nick Fotion and Bruno Coppieters.