Russia: a short history

1. The beginnings: Geography

The rise of Keiv

Kiev's economy

The emergence of the Mongol empire

Mongol domination; 2. The rise of Muscovite Russia: Challenges to Mongol rule

Moscow's expansion

Ivan the Terrible

Reign of terror; 3. Times of troubles and grandeur, 1584-1725: Social conditions

Religious conflict

Peter the Great

The Westernizer; 4. Decline and revival in the 18th century: The reign of Catherine II

Paul I; 5. Russia as a great power, 1801-55: Napoleon's invasion of Russia

Domestic reform

Political ferment

Tsar Nicholas I

Domestic developments

The Crimean War.

6. Reform and counter-reform, 1861-94: Judicial, administrative, and military reform

Consequences of reform

Deepening of political ferment

Counter-reform; 7. Revolutionary Russia, 1894-1917: The revolution of 1905

Outcome of the revolution

Stolypin's reforms

World War I

The revoution of 1917

The revolution deepens

The Bolsheviks seize power; 8. The Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin: The 10th party congress

Struggle for power

Revolution from above

Totalitarianism

Stalinist terror

Everyday Stalinism

Stanlin's last years; 9. Reform, stagnation, collapse: De-Stalinization

Foreign policy under Khrushchev

Era of stagnation

Era of reform

Economic crisis

Political collapse

The presidencey of Boris N. Yletsin

Political tensions

The presidency of Vladimir Putin.